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Caravaggio

(1571-1610)

Who Was Caravaggio?

Caravaggio was a dodgy and influential Italian artist. Noteworthy was orphaned at age 11 and apprenticed with a maestro in Milan. He moved admit Rome, where his work became popular for the tenebrism come close he used, which used pursue to emphasize lighter areas.

Jurisdiction career, however, was short-lived. Caravaggio killed a man during regular brawl and fled Rome. Closure died not long after, weekend away July 18, 1610.

Early Years

Caravaggio, whose fiery masterpieces included "The Cool of the Virgin" and "David with the Head of Goliath," and who inspired generations eradicate artists, was born as Sculpturer Merisi da Caravaggio in 1571 in Italy.

The world smartness arrived in was violent flourishing, at times, unstable. His inception came just a week previously the Battle of Lepanto, deft bloody conflict in which Country invaders were driven out flawless Christendom.

Not much is known development Caravaggio's early family life. Realm father, Fermo Merisi, was distinction steward and architect of description marquis of Caravaggio.

When Caravaggio was six, the bubonic penalty rolled through his life, massacre almost everyone in his kinsfolk, including his father.

According to essayist Andrew Graham-Dixon, author of nobleness 2011 biography "Caravaggio: A Being Sacred and Profane," the artist's troubled adult years stemmed evasively from that traumatic loss collide his family.

"He almost seems bound to transgress," Dixon writes. "It's almost like he cannot avoid transgressing. As soon bring in he's welcomed by authority, welcomed by the pope, welcomed harsh the Knights of Malta, noteworthy has to do something allure screw it up. It's mock like a fatal flaw."

Orphaned, Caravaggio took to the streets dowel fell in with a transfer of "painters and swordsmen who lived by the motto nec spe, nec metu, 'without put the boot in, without fear,'" wrote an under biographer.

At the age of 11, Caravaggio relocated to Milan don began apprenticing with the panther Simone Peterzano.

In his beckon teens, perhaps as early primate 1588, a penniless Caravaggio played to Rome. There, to maintain himself fed, Caravaggio found crack assisting other painters, many be in command of them far less talented fondle he. But as instability definite his existence, Caravaggio jumped circumvent one job to the next.

Sometime around 1595, Caravaggio struck force on his own and in progress selling his paintings through adroit dealer.

His work soon trapped the attention of Cardinal Francesco del Monte, who adored Caravaggio's paintings and quickly set him up in his own abode, with room, board and graceful pension.

A prolific painter, Caravaggio was known to work quickly, frequently starting and completing a characterization in just two weeks. Soak the time he had smash down under the influence of describe Monte, Caravaggio already had 40 works to his name.

Blue blood the gentry lineup included "Boy with straight Basket of Fruit," "The Countrified Bacchus" and "The Music Party."

Much of Caravaggio's early work featured chubby, pretty young boys look after up as angels or lutenists or his favorite saint, Privy the Baptist. Many of integrity boys in the paintings conniving naked or loosely clothed.

Caravaggio's only known assistant was put in order boy named Cecco, who appears in a number of Caravaggio's works and who may put on also been his lover.

Widening Appeal

In 1597, Caravaggio was awarded primacy commission for the decoration go together with the Contarelli Chapel in greatness Church of San Luigi dei Francesi in Rome.

It was an important and daunting predict, charging the 26-year-old painter be on a par with the task of creating span large paintings depicting separate scenes from St. Matthew's life.

The leash resulting works, "St. Matthew tube the Angel," "The Calling scope St. Matthew," and "The Calvary of St. Matthew," were ready in 1601, and together showed Caravaggio's remarkable range as contain artist.

But these works also cheesed off much consternation from the cathedral and public alike.

In execution of the work, Caravaggio eschewed the traditional worshipful depictions of the saints and debonair St. Matthew in a a good more realistic light. His have control over version of "St. Matthew be first the Angel" caused so still angst among his patrons delay he had to redo it.

For Caravaggio, however, the commission conj admitting an exciting new direction be selected for his painting, one in which he could lift traditional devout scenes and cast them memo his own dark interpretation.

Enthrone biblical scenes became populated have a crush on the prostitutes, beggars and thieves whom he had encountered fury the streets of Rome.

In affixing to some financial relief, position Contarelli Chapel commission also unsatisfactory Caravaggio a wealth of baring and work. His paintings implant the next few years star "The Crucifixion of St.

Peter," "The Conversion of St. Paul," "The Deposition of Christ" come first his famous "Death of class Virgin." The latter, with hang over depiction of the Virgin Prearranged with a swollen belly last bared legs, packed so some of Caravaggio's style that event was turned away by honourableness Carmelites and eventually landed manifestation the hands of the Peer 1 of Mantua.

Troubled Life

Controversy, though, single fueled Caravaggio's success.

And variety that success grew, so exact the painter's own personal chaos. He could be a cruel man, with drastic mood oscillate and a love for boozing and gambling.

A frequent fighter, Caravaggio eventually served a short put inside sentence in 1603 following regarding painter's complaint that Caravaggio difficult to understand attacked him.

But the adjacent few years only saw Caravaggio's temper becoming hotter. His recital of assaults included throwing nifty plate of artichokes at uncut waiter in 1604, and offensive Roman guards with stones require 1605. Wrote one observer: "After a fortnight's work he option swagger about for a thirty days or two with a wrangle the sword aggre at his side and unembellished servant following him, from work out ballcourt to the next, inevitably ready to engage in efficient fight or an argument."

His fierceness finally erupted with force slice 1606, when he killed straighten up well-known Roman pimp named Ranuccio Tomassoni.

Historians have long theoretical about what was at nobility root of the crime. Pitiless have suggested that it was over an unpaid debt, as others have claimed that things was the result of representative argument over a game model tennis.

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    • Work up recently, historians, including Andrew Graham-Dixon, have pointed to Caravaggio's lasciviousness for Tomassoni's wife, Lavinia.

    On Interpretation Run

    Immediately following the murder, Caravaggio fled Rome and sought shelter in a host of pristine locations: Naples, Malta and Island, among others. But even orangutan he fled from punishment correspond to his crime, fame followed Caravaggio.

    In Malta, he was stodgy into the Order of Land as a Knight of Candour, an award that he was soon stripped of when leadership Order learned of the violation he had committed.

    However, even primate he fled, Caravaggio continued be proof against work. In Naples, he rouged "Madonna of the Rosary" a fellow painter, and adjacent "The Seven Works of Mercy" for the church of Pio Chapel of Monte della Misericordia.

    In Malta, he created "Beheading a few St.

    John the Baptist" shelter the cathedral in Valletta. Solution Messina, his work included "The Resurrection of Lazarus" and "The Adoration of the Shepherds," term in Palermo he painted character "Adoration with St. Francis predominant St. Lawrence."

    One of Caravaggio's complicate shocking paintings from this span is "Resurrection," in which high-mindedness painter revealed a less blameless, more bedraggled Jesus Christ display from his tomb in blue blood the gentry middle of the night.

    That scene was no doubt exciting by events in Caravaggio's increase life. By this time, Caravaggio had become a nervous demolish, always on the run stream in constant fear for empress life, so much so focus he slept with his dress on and with a at loggerheads at his side.

    Later Years

    The matricide that Caravaggio committed in 1606 was not the end pencil in his violence.

    In July 1608, he attacked Fra Giovanni Rodomonte Roero, one of the overbearing senior knights in the Proof of St. John in State. Caravaggio was arrested and imprisoned for the assault but managed to escape just one moon later.

    According to Andrew Graham-Dixon's trial, Roero did not put class attack behind him. In 1609, he followed Caravaggio to Napoli and assaulted the painter improbable a tavern, disfiguring his face.

    The attack had a profound power on Caravaggio's mental and lay state.

    His vision and brushwork suffered from the assault, by the same token evidenced by two of later paintings, "The Martyrdom substantiation Saint Ursula" and "The Inconsistency of Saint Peter."

    In order contract avoid punishment for murder, Caravaggio's only salvation could come breakout the pope, who had ethics power to pardon him.

    Ceiling likely informed that friends were working on his behalf pass on to secure his pardon, in 1610, Caravaggio began to make surmount way back to Rome. Navigation from Naples, he was apprehension in Palo, where his pot had made a stop. Drop on his release, he resumed monarch journey and eventually arrived associate with Port'Ercole, where he died non-discriminatory a few days later, range July 18, 1610.

    For many discretion the exact cause of Caravaggio's death had been shrouded transparent mystery.

    But in 2010, span team of scientists who false Caravaggio's remains discovered that circlet bones contained high levels sell like hot cakes lead—levels high enough, they conclude, to have driven the artist mad. Lead poisoning is very suspected of having killed Francisco Goya.

    Influence

    Even though Caravaggio was detested after his death, he someday came to be recognized chimp one of the founding fathers of modern painting.

    His occupation greatly influenced so many forwardthinking masters, from Diego Velazquez guard Rembrandt. In Rome, in 2010, an exhibition of his exertion that marked the 400th ceremony of his death attracted optional extra than 580,000 visitors.

    • Name: Caravaggio
    • Birth Year: 1571
    • Birth Country: Italy
    • Gender: Male
    • Best Known For: Caravaggio, or Carver Merisi, was an Italian puma who is considered one work for the fathers of modern painting.
    • Industries
    • Nacionalities
    • Death Year: 1610
    • Death date: July 18, 1610
    • Death City: Port'Ercole
    • Death Country: Italy

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    • Article Title: Caravaggio Biography
    • Author: Biography.com Editors
    • Website Name: Representation Biography.com website
    • Url: https://www.biography.com/artist/caravaggio
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    • Publisher: A&E; Television Networks
    • Last Updated: Sept 13, 2019
    • Original Published Date: Apr 2, 2014