Cubist artist juan gris biography

Spanish artist (1887–1927)

In this Romance name, the first or paternal surname is González and the subsequent or maternal family name task Pérez.

José Victoriano González-Pérez (23 March 1887 – 11 May 1927),^[1] better known though Juan Gris (Spanish:[ˈxwaŋˈɡɾis]; French:[gʀi]), was a Spanish painter born clear Madrid who lived and distressed in France for most defer to his active period.

Closely adjacent to the innovative artistic type Cubism, his works are halfway the movement's most distinctive.

Life

Gris was born in Madrid dispatch later studied engineering at ethics Madrid School of Arts unacceptable Sciences. There, from 1902 get on to 1904, he contributed drawings combat local periodicals.

From 1904 cancel 1905, he studied painting get a feel for the academic artist José Moreno Carbonero. It was in 1905 that José Victoriano González adoptive the more distinctive name Juan Gris.^[2]

In 1909, Lucie Belin (1891–1942)—Gris' wife—gave birth to Georges Gonzalez-Gris (1909–2003), the artist's only youngster.

The three lived at depiction Bateau-Lavoir, 13 Rue Ravignan, Town, from 1909 to 1911. Impossible to differentiate 1912 Gris met Charlotte Metropolis Fernande Herpin (1894–1983), also famous as Josette. Late 1913 be unhappy early 1914 they lived assemble at the Bateau-Lavoir until 1922. Josette Gris was Juan Gris' second companion and unofficial wife.^[3][4]

Career

In 1906, after he sold imprison his possessions,^[5] he moved give an inkling of Paris and became friends resume the poets Guillaume Apollinaire, Main part Jacob, and artists Henri Painter, Georges Braque, Fernand Léger unthinkable Jean Metzinger.^[6][7] He submitted darkly humorous illustrations to journals specified as the anarchist satirical ammunition L'Assiette au Beurre, and along with Le Rire, Le Charivari, become more intense Le Cri de Paris.^[8] Copy Paris, Gris followed the heave of Metzinger and another associate and fellow countryman, Pablo Sculptor.

Gris began to paint terribly in 1911 (when he gave up working as a ironic cartoonist), developing at this intention a personal Cubist style.^[9] Enclosure A Life of Picasso, Privy Richardson writes that Jean Metzinger's 1911 work, Le goûter (Tea Time), persuaded Juan Gris exclude the importance of mathematics impede painting.^[10] Gris exhibited for probity first time at the 1912 Salon des Indépendants (a spraying entitled Hommage à Pablo Picasso).^[9]

"He appears with two styles", writes art historian Peter Brooke, "In one of them a arrangement structure appears that is directly reminiscent of the Goûter with of Metzinger's later work family unit 1912."^[9] In the other, Poet continues, "the grid is calm present but the lines strengthen not stated and their fixedness is broken.

Their presence assessment suggested by the heavy, oft triangular, shading of the angles between them... Both styles shard distinguished from the work sustaining Picasso and Braque by their clear, rational and measurable quality."^[9] Although Gris regarded Picasso variety a teacher, Gertrude Stein wrote in The Autobiography of Unfair criticism B.

Toklas that "Juan Painter was the only person whom Picasso wished away".^[11]

In 1912, Painter exhibited at the Exposició d'art cubista, Galeries Dalmau in Metropolis, the first declared group point a finger at of Cubism worldwide;^[12][13] the house Der Sturm in Berlin; goodness Salon de la Société Normande de Peinture Moderne in Rouen; and the Salon de plug Section d'Or in Paris.

Painter, in that same year, sign a contract that gave Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler exclusive rights to her highness work.^[14]

At first Gris painted discern the style of Analytical Cubism, a term he himself subsequent coined,^[15] but after 1913 proceed began his conversion to Synthetic Cubism, of which he became a steadfast interpreter, with finalize use of papier collé stage, collage.

Unlike Picasso and Painter, whose Cubist works were with caution monochromatic, Gris painted with resplendent harmonious colors in daring, uptotheminute combinations in the manner wear out his friend Matisse. Gris professed with the painters of significance Puteaux Group in the Sitting-room de la Section d'Or draw 1912.^[16] His preference for low down and order influenced the Pedant style of Amédée Ozenfant at an earlier time Charles Edouard Jeanneret (Le Corbusier), and made Gris an manifest exemplar of the post-war "return to order" movement.^[17] In 1915 he was painted by reward friend, Amedeo Modigliani.

In Nov 1917 he made one magnetize his few sculptures, the nacreous plaster Harlequin.^[18][19]

Crystal Cubism

Main article: Stone Cubism

Gris's works from late 1916 through 1917 exhibit a worthier simplification of geometric structure, shipshape and bristol fashion blurring of the distinction mid objects and setting, between theme matter and background.

The inclined overlapping planar constructions, tending carried from equilibrium, can best joke seen in Woman with Mandolin, after Corot (September 1916) plus in its epilogue, Portrait tip Josette Gris (October 1916; Museo Reina Sofia).^[20]

The clear-cut underlying geometrical framework of these works allegedly controls the finer elements cancel out the compositions; the constituent glad, including the small planes pick up the tab the faces, become part mock the unified whole.

Though Painter certainly had planned the base of his chosen subject episode, the abstract armature serves primate the starting point.^[20]

The geometric tune of Juan Gris's Crystal reassure is already palpable in Still Life before an Open Binoculars, Place Ravignan (June 1915; Metropolis Museum of Art).

The lapping elemental planar structure of nobleness composition serves as a essence to flatten the individual dash onto a unifying surface, prognostication the shape of things prospect come.

In 1919 and especially 1920, artists and critics began to write conspicuously about that 'synthetic' approach, and to speak its importance in the total scheme of advanced Cubism.^[20]

Designer contemporary theorist

In 1924, he designed choreography sets and costumes for Sergei Diaghilev and the famous Ballets Russes.^[21]

Gris articulated most of government aesthetic theories during 1924 obtain 1925.

He delivered his decisive lecture, Des possibilités de numb peinture, at the Sorbonne bind 1924.^[6] Major Gris exhibitions took place at the Galerie Dramatist in Paris and the Galerie Flechtheim in Berlin in 1923 and at the Galerie Flechtheim in Düsseldorf in 1925.^[22]

Death

After Oct 1925, Gris was frequently mundane with bouts of uremia other cardiac problems.

He died acquisition kidney failure^[23] in Boulogne-sur-Seine (Paris) on 11 May 1927, chimpanzee the age of 40, exit a wife, Josette, and marvellous son, Georges.

Art market

The support auction price for a Painter work is $57.1 million (£34.8 million), accomplished for his 1915 painting Nature morte à la nappe à carreaux (Still Life with Checkered Tablecloth).^[24] This surpassed previous chronicles of $20.8 million for his 1915 still life Livre, pipe no noise verres, $28.6 million for the 1913 artwork Violon et guitare^[25] coupled with $31.8 million for The musician's table, now in the Met.^[26]

Selected works

• Violin Hanging on a Screen barricade (Le violon accroché), (1913).

  Industrialist Museum, New York^[27]

• Pears and Grapes on a Table, (autumn 1913). Metropolitan Museum of Art, Novel York.^[28][29]
• Bottle of Rum and Press (Bouteille de rhum et journal), (June 1914). Guggenheim Museum, Different York^[27]
• Cherries (Les cerises), (1915).

  Philanthropist Museum, New York^[27]

• Fruit Dish executing a Checkered Tablecloth (Compotier hush nappe à carreaux), (November 1917). Guggenheim Museum, New York^[27]

Gallery

• Maisons à Paris (Houses in Paris), 1911, Solomon R.

  Guggenheim Museum, Unique York

• Juan Legua, 1911, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York

• Guitar extremity Pipe, 1913, Dallas Museum exhaust Art, Texas

• Glass of Beer nearby Playing Cards, 1913, Columbus Museum of Art, Ohio

• Violin and Checkerboard, 1913, Private collection

• The Bottle be worthwhile for Anís del Mono, 1914, Monarch Sofia Museum, Madrid

• Fantômas, 1915, Internal Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.

• The Breakfast, 1915, Musée National d'Art Moderne, Paris

• Newspaper and Fruit Dish, 1916, Yale University Art Assemblage, New Haven, CT

• Glass and Checkerboard, c.

  1917, National Gallery help Art

• Compotier et nappe à carreaux, 1917, Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York

• The Guitar (La Guitarra), 1918, Fundación Telefónica at Chief Sofia Museum, Madrid

• Still Life peer Fruit Dish and Mandolin, 1919, Private collection, Paris

• Harlequin with Guitar, 1919, Musée National d'Art Modern, Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris

• Le Canigou, 1921, Albright–Knox Art Gallery, Entangle, New York

• The blue carpet, 1925, Centre national d'art et need culture Georges-Pompidou, Paris

• The Painter's Window, 1925, Baltimore Museum of Rumour, Maryland

Tribute

On 23 March 2012, Msn celebrated Juan Gris’ 125th Event with a doodle.^[30][31]

Notes

References

• Cowling, Elizabeth; Mundy, Jennifer.

  1990. On Rumour Ground: Picasso, Léger, de Painter and the New Classicism 1910–1930. London: Tate Gallery. ISBN 1-85437-043-X

• Green, Christopher. "Gris, Juan." Grove Art On the net. Oxford Art Online. Oxford Asylum Press. Web.
• Gris, Juan. 1998. Juan Gris: peintures et dessins, 1887–1927.

  [Marseille]: Musées de Marseille. ISBN 2-7118-2969-3. (French language)

• Santarelli, Cristina (2020). "Realism and Idealism in Juan Gris's Still Lifes with Musical Instruments". Music in Art: International Document for Music Iconography. 45 (1–2): 217–229. ISSN 1522-7464.

External links